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VIOLIN  CLASS  WORK  IN  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  OF  ILLINOIS 


BY 


BELLE  LONGBONS 


THESIS 


FOR  THE 

DEGREE  OF  BACHELOR  OF  MUSIC 


IN 


MUSIC 


SCHOOL  OF  MUSIC 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


JuQe__9 i92_2__ 

THIS  IS  TO  CERTIFY  THAT  THE  THESIS  PREPARED  LENDER  MY  SUPERVISION  BY 

aelle— L-ongbonB 

ENTITEED____AriOLIH--CLAFa_I^aRK--IN-.lHE-:BIlBLIC--SGHOOLH-DE 

ILLINClIS 

IS  APPROVED  BY  ME  AS  FULFILLING  THIS  PART  OF  THE  REQUIREMENTS  FOR  THE 
DEGREE  OF 


HEAD  OF  DEPARTMENT  OF  ___ 


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Violin  Class  Work 


in  the 

Public  Schools  of  Illinois 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2016 


https://archive.org/details/violinclassworkiOOIong 


Within  the  last  decade,  no  phase  of  music  has  received 
such  a sudden  impetus  as  the  teaching  of  instrumental  music  in 
the  public  schools.  This  is  perhaps  due  in  a large  measure  to 
the  development  of  the  Symphony  Orchestra.  Many  of  the  members 
of  these  organizations  obtained  their  knowledge  in  European 
conservatories,  having  begun  their  musical  education  at  a very 
early  age.  Our  own  young  people  suffer  in  comparison  with 
these  talented  and  accomplished  fore igners,  not  because  of  less 
ability  but  because  of  lack  of  their  advantages.  Given  an 
equal  chance  in  the  study  of  music,  American  children  may 
become  performers,  quite  as  skillful  musicians,  just  as 
proficient  as  those  of  foreign  lands.  As  yet,  the  instrumental 
program  of  the  schools  is  in  what  may  be  termed  its  experimental 
stage.  However,  enough  work  in  this  line  has  been  done  to 
show  that,  with  a normal  expenditure  of  time,  money  and  energy, 
it  may  be  successful. 

There  are  two  ways  in  which  instrumental  music  is  taught 
in  the  public  school  systems,  namely,  the  class  instruction 
method  and  the  courses  in  applied  music.  In  the  latter,  the 
pupil  takes  lessons  from  a private  teacher  who  is  recognized  by 
the  school  supervisor  as  being  qualified  to  do  his  work 
acceptably.  The  course  to  be  pursued  should  be  outlined  clearly 
and  a definite  amount  of  work  demanded.  The  pupil  must  take 
at  least  one  lesson  a week  and  practise  one  hour  or  more  daily. 
At  the  end  of  the  semester  he  is  examined,  preferably  by  a 
musician  who  is  in  no  wise  connected  with  the  musical  life  of 
the  community.  In  class  instruction,  as  the  name  indicates. 


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pupils  are  taught  together  as  a class,  receiving  more  or  less 
individual  instruction.  In  some  classes,  each  child  receives 
a short  lesson  of  ten  minutes  or  less.  Usually,  from  five  to 
ten  are  taught  in  one  class.  The  length  of  the  period  is  from 

4 

forty-five  to  fifty  minutes.  Classes  meet  either  once  or 
twice  a week.  Perhaps  this  movement  of  doing  class  work 
originated  in  methods  pursued  in  conservatories  in  European 
countries . 

Dr.  Albert  G.  Mitchell,  now  of  the  Boston  city  schools, 
conceived  the  idea  of  giving  class  instruction  to  school 
children  in  the  United  States.  He  has  written  Mitchell's 
"Violin  Claes  Method."  According  to  reports  he  has  been  very 
successful  in  his  work.  Others  who  have  done  much  with 
instrumental  music  in  the  schools  of  the  United  States  are 
D.  E.  Mattern,  A.  3.,  Director  of  instrumental  music  of  Public 
Schools  at  Ithaca,  New  York,  Paul  Stoeving  in  New  York  City, 
Joseph  E.  Maddy,  Richmond,  Indiana,  and  Carl  F.  Steckelberg, 
Bancroft  School,  Lincoln,  Nebraska. 

It  has  been  found  that  the  violin  is  more  successfully 
taught  in  classes  than  any  other  instrument.  In  England,  the 
teaching  of  the  violin  is  better  organized  and  consequently 
more  systematic  than  in  the  United  States.  Paul  Stoeving,  now 
of  New  York  City,  has  spent  several  years  in  violin  class 
instruction  in  London,  England.  Fifteen  years  ago  violin 
classes  were  organized  into  a national  union  of  school  orchestras, 
under  a central  committee  of  management,  and  sponsored  by  the 
members  of  the  nobility.  The  teaching  material  was  standardized. 


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From  eight  to  twenty-five  children  are  taught  in  one  class, 
the  pupils  paying  ten  cents  per  lesson.  Every  year  a great 
festival  is  held  at  the  Crystal  Palace  in  London.  Representatives 
are  sent  out  to  examine  the  pupils  and  to  decide  upon  those 
who  are  to  compete  in  the  festival.  A small  admission  fee  is 
charged  which  covers  all  expenses,  including  scholarships.  In 
the  year  nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen,  it  was  estimated  that 
five  hundred  thousand  pupils  received  their  violin  instruction 
in  the  schools. 

The  state  of  Illinois  is  not  behind  other  states  and 
parts  of  the  country  in  the  teaching  of  violin  by  the  class 
method.  A questionnaire  sent  to  the  different  schools  of  the 
state  has  brought  replies  from  eighty  supervisors  and  teachers 
of  violin.  According  to  statistics  thus  acquired  there  are 
twenty-five  towns  or  cities  in  which  violin  class  instruction 
is  offered  either  in  the  High  School  or  Grammar  School, 
sometimes  both.  Approximately  thirteen  hundred  children  take 
advantage  of  the  opportunity  thus  offered.  In  twelve  schools, 
the  children  receive  the  instruction  free  of  charge,  the  Board 
of  Education  paying  for  the  lessons  either  by  a stipulated 
salary  or  by  a certain  amount  of  money  for  so  many  lessons. 
Salaries  of  the  violin  instructors  range  from  twenty-five 
dollars  to  one  hundred  fifty  dollars  per  month.  In  the  remaining 
schools,  pupils  pay  for  instruction,  the  price  being  fifteen, 
twenty-five,  forty-five  or  fifty  cents  per  lesson.  Instruments 
are  furnished  by  the  schools  and  loaned  to  the  pupils  in  four 
schools.  The  pupils  furnish  their  own  instruments  in  the 


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remaining  places.  Pupils  receive  credit  for  the  work  done  in 
three  schools.  In  four  places  the  pupils  pass  an  examination 
on  general  musical  knowledge.  A test  is  also  given  to  determine 
natural  ability  or  ear  for  music.  All  the  schools  have 
orchestras,  the  members  of  the  string  section  being  selected 
from  the  best  ones  in  the  clatsses.  Cicero,  a suburb  of  Chicago, 
has  two  hundred  fifty  enrolled  in  the  classes,  the  largest 
enrollment  in  one  place. 

The  following  instruction  books  are  used  by  the  different 
violin  instructors:-  Mitchell’s  Class  Method  for  Violin, 
Greenberg's  Elementary  Method;  Berold's  Primer,  Hohman  Mortimer 
Wilson's  Fiddler's  Four,  First  Steps  for  Ensemble  Players  by 
Bornschein,  Violin  Choirs  by  Fretsche  and  Saenger,  Dancla's 
Beginners,  Bang's  Violin  Method,  Kersey  Method,  Leopold  Auer's 
Book  for  Beginners,  Municipal  Loose  Leaf  Method  by  Fred 
Ortmann. 

The  schools  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state  which  offer 
class  instruction  in  violin  are  Herrin,  Harrisburg,  Eldorado, 
and  East  St.  Louis.  Herrin  leads  in  the  amount  of  teaching 
done.  A special  violin  teacher  is  employed  by  the  Board  of 
Education,  at  a salary  of  one  hundred  twenty-five  dollars  per 
month,  who  puts  in  full  time  teaching.  Pupils  from  the  fourth 
to  the  eighth  grades  inclusive  are  allowed  to  enroll  in  the 
classes,  provided  they  own  their  instruments.  A total  of  one 
hundred  seventy-nine  are  enrolled  in  the  classes.  The  classes 
meet  twice  a week  during  school  hours  for  a period  of  forty- 
five  minutes.  The  pupils  play  the  lesson  together  and 
individual  instruction  is  given  to  those  who  need  it.  After 


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a class  has  been  going  on  for  some  time  the  more  talented  are 
separated  from  the  less  talented.  The  pupil  receives  no  credit 
for  the  work,  but  a grade  is  put  on  the  report  card  at  the  end 
of  every  month.  The  instructor  often  gives  extra  help  to  the 
pupils  as  she  sees  fit  or  as  they  desire  it.  The  violin 
classes  furnish  the  violinists  for  the  orchestra.  Thus  the 
pupils  have  something  to  work  for.  Every  year  a concert  is 
given  by  the  grammar  school  pupils,  the  advanced  and  beginning 
classes  taking  part  on  the  program.  The  supervisor  has  been 
very  successful  in  her  orchestra  work.  She  attributes  her 
success  to  the  free  instruction  given  in  the  grade  schools. 

No  class  instruction  is  offered  in  the  High  School.  The 
instructor  of  music  in  the  High  School  says,  ”0f  the  forty 
pieces  we  now  have  in  the  orchestra,  eighty-five  percent  of 
the  children  have  had  some  class  lessons  in  violin  which  proves 
to  me  the  advisability  of  adopting  the  violin  as  the  beginner's 
instrument.  The  strict  disciplinary  coordination  required  in 
violin  playing  makes  the  mastery  of  other  instruments  easy.” 

At  Harrisburg,  a city  of  ten  thousand  population,  one 
hundred  thirty-six  pupils  are  taking  violin  lessons  in  the 
classes.  Pupils  from  the  fourth,  fifth,  sixth,  seventh,  and 
eighth  grades  are  admitted  to  the  class.  A child  may  enter  the 
class  without  an  examination  of  any  sort.  The  pupils  furnish 
their  own  violins.  Classes  of  twelve  members  meet  once  a week. 
Every  child  receives  individual  instruction  during  the  period 
and  some  ensemble  work  is  done.  The  system  of  promotion  does 
not  follow  the  regular  plan  used  for  their  other  studies,  being 
more  flexible.  The  pupils  are  graded,  the  grade  appearing  on 


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the  report  card  but  this  grade  is  not  counted  in  on  the  average. 
This  work  has  been  offered  to  the  pupils  for  seven  years.  The 
supervisor  teaches  two  of  the  classes  and  a special  teacher  has 
one  class  every  day  after  school  and  four  on  Saturdays. 

One  year  ago  plans  were  made  by  the  members  of  the  Board 
of  Education  and  the  superintendent  of  Eldorado,  a town  of  six 
thousand  people,  to  employ  a special  violin  instructor  in  the 
grammar  schools.  This  was  done  and  one  hundred  four  enrolled 
in  the  classes.  Pupils  from  the  fifth,  sixth,  seventh,  and 
eighth  grades  take  lessons.  The  classes  meet  once  a week 
during  school  hours.  Not  over  eight  pupils  are  taught  in  one 
class.  One  hour  is  spent  with  every  class.  During  this  period, 
each  pupil  plays  the  assignment  for  the  instructor.  The 
attention  of  each  individual  is  directed  towards  the  particular 
difficulty  he  experiences.  Very  little  class  instruction  is 
given  but  as  progress  is  made,  ensemble  work  is  done,  duets, 
trios,  etc.,  being  used.  The  pupils  get  the  lessons  free  of 
charge , 

The  class  instruction  in  violin  is  comparatively  new  at 
East  St.  Louis,  yet  both  grade  school  and  High  School  pupils 
are  permitted  to  take  lessons.  Class  instruction  is  not 
limited  to  certain  grades.  However,  a student  may  not  enter 
the  class  unless  he  has  a permit  from  the  supervisor.  All 
pupils  furnish  their  instriacents . Fifty-five  take  advantage  of 
the  free  instruction  in  violin.  Classes  meet  once  a week 
during  school  hours  in  the  afternoons.  From  ten  to  twenty  are 
enrolled  in  one  class.  During  the  class  period  which  lasts 
sixty  minutes,  the  pupils  receive  some  individual  instruction. 


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-7- 


but  for  the  most  part  they  are  taught  together  as  a group. 

The  pupils  do  not  receive  credit  for  violin  work  but  in  the 
near  future  a credit  system  is  to  be  worked  out.  The  best 
players  in  the  violin  classes  make  up  the  violin  section  in  the 
orchestra.  The  pupils  know  this  and  consider  it  a great  honor 
to  become  a member  of  the  orchestra. 

In  the  central  part  of  Illinois,  violin  classes  are  a 
part  of  the  curriculum  in  the  following  schools,  Lincoln, 
Springfield,  Taylorville,  and  Henry.  The  violin  instruction 
has  been  offered  to  Grammar  School  pupils  at  Lincoln,  Illinois, 
for  three  years.  Only  pupils  from  the  seventh  and  eighth 
grades  are  eligible  for  class  work.  Six  pupils  participate  in 
one  class  and  as  a rule,  they  play  the  lesson  assignment 
together.  When  necessary  a pupil  receives  individual  instruction. 
If  the  instructor  discovers  a pupil  who  can  progress  faster 
than  the  class,  he  advises  the  pupil  to  discontinue  the  class 
work  and  take  private  lessons.  Others  who  cannot  keep  up  with 
the  class  drop  out  sometimes  taking  privately.  Here  the 
children  in  the  poorer  district  receive  free  instruction  but  in 
the  other  district  they  pay  a small  fee  of  tv/enty-five  cents 
per  lesson. 

There  are  one  hundred  fifty  pupils  from  the  fifth,  sixth, 
seventh,  eighth,  and  ninth  grades  taking  class  lessons  at 
Springfield.  There  are  no  entrance  requirements  into  the 
classes.  As  a rule  the  pupils  own  their  violins.  The  school 
loans  instruments  to  those  who  really  seem  interested  and 
cannot  afford  to  buy  them.  There  are  never  more  than  five 
pupils  in  a class,  occasionally  a smaller  number.  The  classes 


III 

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-8- 


meet  twice  a week  during  school  hours,  after  and  before  school. 
The  instructor  spends  thirty  minutes  with  every  class,  teaching 
the  pupils  as  a group  and  giving  some  individual  instruction. 
Springfield  has  three  violin  instructors  who  are  paid  by  the 
pupils,  each  one  paying  twenty-five  cents  per  lesson.  No 
credit  is  given  in  violin  but  the  best  players  are  selected  to 
play  in  the  orchestra. 

At  Taylorville  the  School  Board  has  employed  a violin 
instructor  from  Springfield  to  come  once  a week  to  instruct  the 
pupils  in  the  art  of  violin  playing.  Pupils  in  the  grammar 
schools  and  High  School  may  enter  the  classes.  The  school  does 
not  furnish  pupils  with  instruments.  Thirty  pupils  are  given 
instruction.  The  number  in  any  one  class  does  not  exceed  five. 
Sixty  minutes  is  devoted  to  every  class.  The  pupils  receive 
individual  instruction  of  short  periods.  While  one  pupil  is 
playing  the  assignment,  the  others  observe.  Ensemble  work  is 
taken  up  at  a later  time.  Each  child  pays  the  instructor 
forty  cents  a lesson. 

The  system  of  class  instruction  is  far  from  being  perfect 
at  Henry,  Illinois,  according  to  the  supervisor  of  grade  music. 
After  her  program  was  made  out  this  year,  there  were  two 
forty-five  minute  periods  vacant  on  two  days  of  the  week. 

Being  a violinist  and  qualified  to  teach,  she  started  two  violin 
classes.  Any  pupils  from  the  four  upper  grades  may  take  lessons 
free  of  charge.  No  entrance  examinations  are  required  and  no 
system  of  credits  is  used  other  than  the  ordinary  grade  on  the 
report  cards  to  show  the  parents  just  what  they  can  do.  The 
total  enrollment  of  the  class  is  twenty-seven,  nine  in  one 


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-9- 


class,  eighteen  in  the  other. 

In  the  northern  portion  of  the  state  excluding  Chicago 
and  suburbs,  class  instruction  in  violin  is  offered  in  schools 
at  Peru,  Elgin,  West  Aurora,  Moline,  Galesburg,  Monmouth, 
Rockford,  DeKalb,  and  Rock  Island.  At  Peru  the  supervisor  of 
of  music  in  the  graded  schools  has  two  classes  of  violin 
students.  Any  pupil  above  the  fourth  grade  who  wishes  to  take 
lessons  and  who  has  a violin  may  be  a member  of  the  class. 

There  are  fifteen  pupils  taking  lessons.  The  classes  meet 
once  a week  after  school  for  forty  minutes.  Instruction  is 
given  to  the  class  as  a whole.  No  credit  is  given  for  the  work 
but  the  pupils  are  graded  so  that  parents  may  know  just  what 
their  children  are  doing.  One  year  of  violin  is  taught. 

Classes  in  violin  have  been  organized  in  the  Elgin 
Grammar  Schools  for  two  years.  Pupils  from  the  fourth  to  the 
eighth  grade  inclusive  are  allowed  to  enter  the  classes  without 
examination  provided  they  furnish  their  instruments  and  pay  a 
small  fee  of  fifteen  cents  per  lesson.  Fifty  are  taught 
violin,  not  less  than  four  or  more  than  eight  pupils  being  in 
one  class.  The  classes  meet  after  school  for  one  hour  twice  a 
week.  Pupils  receive  individual  instruction  during  the  class 
period  if  necessary.  A system  of  promotion  is  being  worked 
out,  but  as  yet  nothing  definite  has  been  done.  As  in  the 
Peru  schools,  the  children  usually  take  one  year  of  class 
lessons,  going  to  private  teachers  at  the  end  of  that  time. 

The  classes  in  violin  have  been  very  successful  in  the 
graded  schools  of  West  Aurora  according  to  the  supervisor. 

High  School  classes  are  in  the  process  of  formation.  Class 


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-10- 


inetriiction  is  limited  to  the  five  upper  grades  in  the  grammar 
schools.  ExsuTiinat ions  are  given  to  the  pupils  before  they  are 
allo7/ed  to  enter  the  classes.  A pupil  must  have  a good  musical 
ear  and  some  general  knowledge  of  music,  such  as  the  nanies  of 
the  lines  and  spaces  on  the  staff,  key  signatures,  time  values, 
etc.  The  total  enrollment  of  the  classes  is  twenty-five, 
from  six  to  eight  being  taught  in  one  class.  The  classes  meet 
once  a week  for  an  hour  during  which  time  the  children  play 
the  lesson  together,  receiving  seme  individual  instruction. 

Only  two  years  of  violin  are  taught,  as  pupils  then  take 
private  lessons.  In  the  near  future  credit  is  to  be  given  in 
V iolin. 

The  School  Board  at  Moline  was  short  on  funds  this  year 
so  the  class  instruction  in  violin  had  to  be  discontinued. 

Last  year  violin  instruction  was  offered  in  the  grammar  schools 
and  in  the  High  School.  The  classes  met  after  school  once  a 
week  and  were  instructed  as  a group  rather  than  individually. 
Pupils  paid  twenty-five  cents  for  one  lesson.  It  is  the  plan 
of  the  supervisor  to  start  violin  classes  again  next  year, 
(1922-23). 

At  Galesburg  the  plan  of  violin  class  instruction  is  very 
similar  to  that  of  Aurora  with  the  exception  of  the  fact  that 
there  are  no  requirements  to  be  filled  for  entrance  into  the 
violin  classes.  After  two  years  of  class  work  the  pupils  take 
private  lessons. 

The  violin  work  has  just  been  started  this  year  at 
Monmouth,  Illinois,  so,  many  of  the  details  remain  to  be  worked 
out.  Already  fifty  pupils  are  enrolled  in  the  classes,  eight 


W 


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-11- 


or  ten  being  in  one  class.  The  pupils  furnish  their  own 
instruments.  Later  the  school  may  purchase  a few  violins  to 
loan  to  pupils  who  cannot  buy  instruments.  Classes  meet  twice 
per  week  after  school  and  on  Saturdays.  The  instructor  spends 
thirty  minutes  with  every  class.  He  is  paid  by  the  pupils  who 
get  ten  lessons  for  two  dollars  and  fifty  cents. 

Violin  work  is  offered  in  the  grammar  schools  at  Rockford 
and  some  plans  have  been  made  to  include  it  in  the  High  School 
curriculum.  Class  instruction  is  limited  to  certain  grades, — 
fourth,  fifth,  sixth,  seventh,  and  eighth.  An  examination  is 
given  to  every  pupil  before  he  enters  the  class.  If  the  pupil 
is  a beginner,  his  examination  consists  only  in  the  testing  of 
his  musical  ear.  If  he  has  had  lessons  elsewhere,  an 
examination  of  general  musical  knowledge  such  as,  the  rudiments 
of  theory,  reading  ability,  etc.,  is  added  to  the  ear-testings. 
On  the  whole  the  pupils  have  their  violins  but  the  school  owns 
a few  and  loans  them  to  those  children  whose  parents  are  unable 
to  buy  instruments.  If  the  pupils  to  whom  the  instruments  are 
loaned  do  not  do  well  in  their  work,  the  violins  are  taken 
from  them  and  given  to  those  whose  names  are  on  the  waiting 
list.  Seventy-five  pupils  are  enrolled  in  the  classes.  Groups 
of  eight  meet  once  a week,  some  during  school  hours,  others 
after  school  and  on  Saturdays.  Ordinarily  the  pupils  take 
class  lessons  for  a year  or  more  and  then  branch  out  into 
private  lessons. 

At  Rock  Island  classes  are  conducted  in  much  the  same 
way  as  in  Rockford.  There  are  a few  slight  differences.  First, 
the  school  does  not  own  any  violins;  second,  classes  meet  only 


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-12- 


during  school  hours;  and  third,  as  this  is  only  the  second  year 
for  violin  work,  there  are  only  sixteen  who  are  taking  class 
lessons.  Many  of  those  who  were  in  classes  last  year,  are 
now  studying  from  private  teachers. 

The  High  School  music  instructor  has  the  violin  classes 
in  the  DeXalb  High  School.  Two  restrictions  are  placed  upon 
students  wishing  to  enter  the  class.  They  must  pass  an  entrance 
examination  of  physical  adaptability  and  of  the  musical  ear. 

They  must  have  passing  grades  in  all  other  subjects  that  they 
are  taking.  Students  usually  furnish  their  own  violins  but 
the  school  owns  a few  instruments  and  loans  them  to  students 
who  feel  they  cannot  buy.  Violin  work  is  put  on  the  same  basis 
as  any  music  subject.  Classes  meet  five  times  per  week  the 
last  two  periods  in  the  afternoon.  Two  hours  of  daily 
preparation  is  required  of  every  student.  They  receive  two 
and  one-half  credits  a semester.  (The  High  School  runs  on  a 
basis  of  thirty-two  credits  for  graduation.)  The  total 
enrollment  is  nineteen.  The  pupils  do  not  pay  for  the  lessons. 
This  is  the  first  year  of  class  instruction  and  under  the 
present  organization  has  proven  very  successful. 

The  remaining  schools  which  offer  violin  instruction 
are  Waukegan,  New  Trier,  Maywood,  and  Bowen  High  Schools,  the 
Cicero,  Wilmette,  and  Winnetka  grammar  schools.  At  Wilmette 
the  majority  of  the  violin  pupils  are  from  the  fifth  and 
sixth  grades,  though  class  instruction  is  not  limited  to  certain 
grades.  The  total  enrollment  is  seventeen,  five  in  the 
advanced  class  and  six  in  each  beginner’s  class.  Classes 
meet  once  a week,  before  and  after  school  and  on  Saturdays. 


-13- 


The  lessons  cost  the  pupils  more  than  in  most  places.  They 
pay  five  dollars  in  advance  for  ten  lessons.  The  sane  violin 
instructor  started  classes  in  January  in  the  gramn*ar  schools 
at  Winnetka,  which  are  held  at  ten,  eleven,  and  twelve  o'clock 
during  the  week.  Wilmette  High  School  students  attend  the 
New  Trier  High  School  where  they  receive  violin  instruction. 

The  Cicero  schools  have  a total  of  two  hundred  fifty 
violin  pupils,  the  largest  number  taking  class  lessons  in  any 
one  city  in  the  state.  As  in  the  Rockford  schools  pupils  take 
entrance  exauninat ions  before  being  admitted  into  the  classes. 

The  Board  of  Education  furnishes  no  instruments  but  does  pay 
the  instructor,  the  pupils  getting  the  lessons  free.  From 
thirty  to  forty  minutes  are  spent  with  every  class.  During 
the  first  half  of  tne  period,  pupils  receive  individual 
attention,  while  the  latxer  part  of  the  hour  is  spent  in  ensemble 
playing.  Classes  meet  once  per  week. 

The  director  of  music  in  the  Township  High  School  at 
Maywood  has  charge  of  the  violin  classes.  Lessons  are  given 
twice  a week  during  school  hours.  There  are  ten  in  the  classes 
and  from  two  to  four  are  taught  in  one  class.  Pupils  furnish 
their  violins  but  pay  nothing  for  their  lessons,  the  director 
instructing  the  classes  as  a part  of  his  regular  music  work. 

At  Bowen  High  School,  Chicago,  though  the  number  of 
violin  students  is  small,  credit  is  given  for  the  work.  Pupils 
taking  two  lessons  a week  and  doing  the  work  required  are  given 
one-half  credit  a semester  on  a basis  of  sixteen  credits  for 
graduation.  A student  must  have  a good  ear  for  music  before 
he  is  admitted  into  a class.  Classes  are  taught  by  the 


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-14- 


direotor , 

The  above  statement  also  applies  to  the  New  Trier  High 
School.  As  yet  no  credit  is  given  for  work  done  in  violin. 

Any  pupil  may  take  class  lessons  if  he  has  his  own  instrument, 
but  if  the  instructor  finds  a student  who  is  not  musical  she 
advises  him  to  drop  the  work.  The  classes  are  small,  meeting 
only  once  a week.  At  first  only  individual  instruction  is 
given,  but  after  a month  or  so  ensemble  work  is  done. 

The  violin  work  in  the  High  School  at  Waukegan  seems  to 
be  well  organized,  more  so  than  in  the  majority  of  the  schools 
in  the  state.  Any  student  may  take  advantage  of  class  lessons 
but  if  he  shows  no  talent  he  cannot  remain  in  the  class.  The 
violin  classes  meet  the  same  as  any  other  subject  requiring 
preparation.  Below  is  a programi  offered  by  the  music 
department . 


DAYS  A 

REQUIRING 

CRED IT 

SUBJECT 

WEEK 

PERIODS 

PREPARATION 

UNIT 

History  of  Music 

! 5 3/4 

1 3/4 

Yes 

1 

Harmony 

5 

1 

Yes 

1 

Clarinet 

5 

1 

Yes 

1 

Violin 

5 

1 

Yes 

1 

Violin 

5 

1 

Yes 

1 

Chorus 

3 

1 

No 

1/2 

Orchestra 

2 

2 

No 

1/2 

Band 

2 

2 

No 

1/2 

Students  are 

required  to 

practise  one  hour  a day  six 

days  in 

the  week.  A 

practise  card  is  given 

to  every  student 

in  orde: 

that  the  instructor  will  have  a record  of  the  time  spent  in 
home  practise. 


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-15- 

RECORD  OF  TIME  SPENT  IN  HOME  PRACTICE 

TIME  RE0UIPJ:D: 

1 hour  per  day  (6  days)  violin,  'cello,  piano,  flute,  clarinet. 
3/4  hours  per  day  (6  days)  viola,  oboe,  cornet,  French  horn, 
trombone , 

1/2  hour  per  day  (6  days)  bass,  bassoon,  tuba,  trap-drum, 
bells . 


”A  serious  student  of  music  will  do  no  less." 


DAY 

1st  Wk..  2nd  Wk..  3rd  Hfk.  ! 4th  Wk. 
Hr . . Min . . Hr . . Min . . Hr . , Min . . Hr . . Min . 

* 5th  Wk.  *.  6th  Wk. 
.Hr . .Min . .Hr . .Min. 

MONDAY 

9 • # # # 

« • • , • 

• • • • 

• • • • 

TUESDAY  . 

• • • • • _ 0 

• * • • • • • 

• • • • 

• • • • 

T7EDNESDAY. 

• * • • • • 

• • • • 

• * • • 

THURSDAY  . 

• • • • ^ ^ ^ 

• • • • 

• • • • 

FRIDAY 

* * • • • • 

• • • * 

• • • t 

SATURDAY  . 

• • • • . . , 

• » « • 

• • • • 

To  my  knowledge  the  above  is  a correct  statement  of  the 
time  this  student  has  spent  in  practice  and  time  of 
practice  has  been  marked  upon  this  report  DAILY. 


Signed 

Parent 

NOTICE:  This  report  must  be  filled  out  and  promptly  filed  with 

the  Supervisor  of  Music  at  the  end  of  each  period  (6 
weeks)  if  you  wish  credit  for  work  done. 


From  the  answers  received  from  the  questionnaire  one  can 
readily  see  that  there  is  room  for  improvement  in  the  violin 
classes  in  the  state.  Perhaps  one  of  the  most  important 
problems  in  the  teaching  of  violin  is  that  of  securing  capable 
teachers,  those  who  really  know  their  work.  The  instructors 
should  be  faniiliar  with  public  school  methods.  It  would  appear 


•;  5 ■ 


I 


-16- 


that  there  are  instructors  teaching  classes  in  violin  who 
know  very  little  about  the  instrument. 

Then  comes  the  problem  of  musical  in8tri:iment8  and 
equipment.  The  pupils  should  be  encouraged  to  purchase  good 
instruments.  The  instructor  might  help  in  the  selection  of 
violins  for  to  many  of  the  parents  all  violins  are  alike,  of 
course  this  would  be  a difficult  task  especially  if  the 
enrollment  is  very  large.  Cheap  instruments  are  usually  poorly 
made  and  the  tone  is  abominable.  A pupil  who  begins  on  an 
instrument  having  a flat  fingerboard,  a short  neck,  strings  too 
far  apart  or  any  other  serious  imperfection,  will  find  it 
difficult  to  play  on  a good  instrument.  The  matter  of  proper 
equipment  is  also  very  important.  A teacher  could  spend  an 
entire  class  period  in  fixing  slipping  pegs,  falling  bridges, 
in  putting  on  strings,  etc.  It  would  be  a good  idea  for  each 
pupil  to  have  a printed  list  of  requirements  as  to  equipment. 
None  should  be  allowed  to  enter  the  class  until  he  has 
attended  to  every  little  detail.  The  instructor  should  impress 
upon  the  pupils*  minds  the  importance  of  keeping  instruments 
clean  and  in  good  condition.  Each  should  be  held  responsible 
for  the  condition  of  his  violin.  Implicit  obedience  to  this 
rule  should  be  required.  Firm  discipline  must  be  enforced  or 
the  work  will  be  unsatisfactory,  no  matter  how  talented  the 
students  or  how  able  the  instructor. 

If  the  Board  of  Education  can  possibly  find  enough  money 
to  buy  a few  violins,  they  should  do  so.  More  older  people 
would  be  playing  some  musical  instrument  to-day  had  they  been 
taught  during  the  impressionable  age.  The  schools  should  use 


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-17- 


discretion  in  loaning  instruments.  Pupils  who  are  unable  to 
buy  and  who  show  interest  and  some  gift  for  playing  should  be 
provided  with  violins. 

Again  violin  class  work  will  be  made  more  successful  if 
the  instructors  have  the  co-operation  of  the  parents.  Practise 
sheets  such  as  the  music  department  in  the  Waukegan  High  School 
send  out  would  aid  in  gaining  co-operation.  No  pupil  should 
be  allowed  to  enter  a violin  class  unless  he  has  taken  an 
entrance  examination.  At  least  his  musical  ear  should  be 
tested.  The  classes  should  not  be  large  and  should  meet  at 
least  twice  per  week.  If  possible,  credit  should  be  given  for 
work  done  in  violin. 

Lastly,  the  work  must  be  so  outlined  that  it  will  fit  in 
with  the  regular  public  school  music  so  that  the  music  taught 
in  the  school-room  will  serve  as  a background  for  the  violin 
work.  It  would  seem  that  the  teaching  material  might  be 
standardized  in  Illinois,  following  England  as  an  example.  The 
instructors  in  violin  from  all  over  the  state  might  get  together 
and  plan  a course  of  study.  A system  of  scholarships  and 
competition  could  be  worked  out.  An  "Annual  Festival"  could 
be  held  having  competitions  between  the  different  schools  of 
the  state.  This  sounds  idealistic,  yet  such  a plan  might  be 
carried  out.  Why  not?  It  is  done  in  basket-ball  with  the 
wildest  enthusiasm. 

iiiany  people  have  the  wrong  idea  concerning  violin  classes. 
They  do  not  appear  to  understand  why  the  violin  is  taught  in 
classes,  contending  the  pupil  advances  much  more  rapidly  with 
private  lessons  than  with  class  work.  But  private  instruction 


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-18- 

is  not  possible  for  the  majority  of  school  children.  They 
cannot  afford  expensive  lessons.  Classes  in  violin  (1)  create 
an  appreciation  on  the  part  of  the  students  for  the  instrument 
and  gives  them  an  understanding  of  the  music  associated  with 
it,  (2)  provide  a musical  instrument  in  the  home,  (3)  furnish 
Diaterial  for  the  school  orchestra. 

Classes  are  organized  to  teach  the  elementary  steps  in 
a thorough  manner  enabling  the  pupil  to  receive  the  proper 
foundation  for  future  study.  When  pupils  are  discovered  who 
have  extraordinary  talent  for  the  violin,  they  are  encouraged 
to  develop  this  hitherto  unsuspected  gift.  They  are  recommended 
to  take  up  the  work  with  a private  teacher.  The  average 
student  should  study  privately  when  he  has  reached  a certain 
stage.  As  Christian  Binding  has  said,  "The  greatest  musical 
development  of  a country  will  come  when  the  masses  are 
thoroughly  in  accord  with  good  music  and  what  it  should  stand 
for  in  the  life  of  every  man  and  woman." 

Not  every  one  may  become  an  expert  performer,  nor  is 
every  one  given  that  quality  of  perception  which  results  in 
interpretation.  But  if  the  proper  training  has  been  given 
everybody  may  have  the  ability  to  be  an  appreciative  listener 
to  good  music. 


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-19- 


Schools  that  offer  Class  Instruction  on  the  Violin 


Southern  Illinois 

Herrin 

Harrisburg 


Eldorado 

East  Saint  Louis 


Central  Illinois 

Lincoln 
Spr ingf ield 


Taylorville 

Henry 


Northern  Illinois 

Peru 
Elg  in 

West  Aurora 

Galesburg 

Rockford 

New  Trier 

Waukegan 

Wilmette 


DeKalb 

Rock  Island 

Moline 

Monmouth 

Maywood 

Bowen 

Cicero 

Winnetka 


Schools  that  offer  Free  Instruction 
Herrin  Peru 

Eldorado  DeKalb 

Lincoln  Bowen 

Henry  Maywood 

Harrisburg  East  Saint  Louis 

Waukegan  New  Trier 


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-20- 


Schools  that  Furnish  Instruments  and  Loan  Them  to  Pupils 


DeKalb 

Springfield 

Rockford 

Bowen 

Schools  that  Require  Pupils  to  Pass  an  Examination 
before  Entering  Classes 


Rockford 

DeKalb 

Rock  Island 

West  Aurora 

Schools  that  Give  Credit  for  Violin  Work 


Waukegan 

DeKalb 

Bowen 

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-21- 

Class  Periods 


School 

hours 

After 

school 

Once  per  Twice  per  Five  times 
week  week  per  week 

Herr  in 

X 

X 

Harrisburg: 

X 

X 

Eldorado 

X 

X 

East  Saint  Louis 

X 

X 

Lincoln 

X 

X 

X 

Springfield 

X 

X 

X 

Tavlorville 

X 

X 

X 

Henry 

X 

X 

Peru 

X 

X 

Elgin 

X 

X 

West  Aurora 

X 

X 

Galesburg 

X 

X 

Rockford 

X 

X 

X 

New  Trier 

X 

X 

Waukegan 

X 

X 

Wilmette 

X 

X 

DeKalb 

X 

X 

Rook  Island 

X 

X 

Moline 

X 

X 

Eonmouth 

X 

X 

Maywood 

X 

X 

X X 


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Bowen 


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-22- 

Total  Enrollment  of 

Violin  Classes 

Herr  in 

179 

Harrisburg 

136 

Eldorado 

104 

East  Saint  Louis 

55 

Springfield 

150 

Taylorville 

30 

Henry 

27 

Elgin 

50 

West  Aurora 

25 

Galesburg 

29 

Monmouth 

50 

Rockford 

75 

Rock  Island 

16 

DeKalb 

19 

Wilmette 

17 

Cicero 

250 

iiiaywood 

10 

Bowen  High 

16 

Waukegan 

33 

Peru 

15 

Total 

1306 

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-33- 


BIBLIOGPAPHY 

Journal  of  Proceedings  of  Music  Supervisors*  National 
Conference,  1917-1921. 

The  Violinist,  October,  November,  1921. 


